GLOW Legit

GLOW Peptide Research References — GHK-Cu, BPC-157, and TB-500 Citations

References

All GLOW peptide research citations used across this site are listed below. Every quantitative claim in this digest is sourced to one of these references. Citations are numbered to match inline reference markers throughout the site. No citation in this list was written from memory — each was verified against a publicly accessible PubMed, PMC, or journal URL during research compilation.

  1. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. 2015. ↗
  2. Pickart L, Margolina A. Regenerative and Protective Actions of the GHK-Cu Peptide in the Light of the New Gene Data. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018. ↗
  3. He Q, Mazzola J, Ladiges W. The naturally occurring peptide GHK reverses age-related fibrosis by modulating myofibroblast function. Aging Pathobiology and Therapeutics. 2024. ↗
  4. Lee WJ, Sim HB, Jang YH, Lee SJ, Kim DW, Yim SH. Efficacy of a Complex of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Glycyl-Histidyl-Lysine Peptide on Hair Growth. Annals of Dermatology. 2016;28(4):438. ↗
  5. Rosenfeld M, Nickel K, Ladiges W. GHK peptide prevents sleep-deprived learning impairment in aging mice. Aging Pathobiology and Therapeutics. 2023. ↗
  6. Tucker M, Keely A, Park JY, Rosenfeld M, et al. Intranasal GHK peptide enhances resilience to cognitive decline in aging mice. bioRxiv (preprint, under review). 2023. ↗
  7. Mortazavi SM, Mohammadi Vadoud SA, Moghimi HR. Topically applied GHK as an anti-wrinkle peptide: Advantages, problems and prospective. BioImpacts. 2024. ↗
  8. Hsieh MJ, Liu HT, Wang CN, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. Journal of Molecular Medicine. 2017. ↗
  9. Hsieh MJ, Lee CH, Chueh HY, et al. Modulatory effects of BPC 157 on vasomotor tone and the activation of Src-Caveolin-1-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. Scientific Reports. 2020. ↗
  10. Japjec M, Horvat Pavlov K, Petrovic A, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats. Biomedicines. 2021. ↗
  11. Seiwerth S, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2021. ↗
  12. Chang CH, Tsai WC, Hsu YH, Pang JHS. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Enhances the Growth Hormone Receptor Expression in Tendon Fibroblasts. Molecules. 2014. ↗
  13. He L, Feng D, Guo H, Zhou Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157 in rats and dogs. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022. ↗
  14. Sikiric P, Seiwerth S, Skrtic A, Staresinic M, et al. BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions, but Maintaining, Promoting, or Recovering Their Essential Protective Functions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025. ↗
  15. Klicek R, Sever M, Radic B, Drmic D, Kocman I, et al. Pentadecapeptide BPC 157, in clinical trials as a therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (PL14736), is effective in the healing of colocutaneous fistulas in rats. Journal of Pharmacological Sciences. 2008. ↗
  16. Yuan C, Demers A, Silva-Ortiz V, Hasoon JJ, et al. From Regeneration to Analgesia: The Role of BPC-157 in Tissue Repair and Pain Management. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026. ↗
  17. Malinda KM, Sidhu GS, Mani H, et al. Thymosin beta4 accelerates wound healing. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 1999. ↗
  18. Sosne G, Qiu P, Kurpakus-Wheater M. Thymosin beta 4: A novel corneal wound healing and anti-inflammatory agent. Clinical Ophthalmology. 2007. ↗
  19. Tokura Y, Nakayama Y, Fukada SI, et al. Muscle injury-induced thymosin beta4 acts as a chemoattractant for myoblasts. Journal of Biochemistry. 2011. ↗
  20. Kleinman HK, Kulik V, Goldstein AL. Thymosin beta4 and the anti-fibrotic switch. International Immunopharmacology. 2023. ↗
  21. Huff T, et al. Thymosin beta4 promotes matrix metalloproteinase expression during wound repair. 2006. ↗
  22. Pickart L, Vasquez-Soltero JM, Margolina A. GHK Peptide as a Natural Modulator of Multiple Cellular Pathways in Skin Regeneration. BioMed Research International. 2015. [Cited for GHK-Cu mechanism component of blend rationale; BPC-157 mechanism: citation 8; TB-500 mechanism: citation 17.] ↗